Instructions Concerning Worship (2:1-2:15), A. There is some debate as to the title and destination of this epistle. At the time of writing, Paul had not visited there, the letter says (Col 1:4; 2:1).The community had apparently been established by Epaphras of Colossae (Col 1:7; 4:12; Phlm 23).Problems, however, had 62 NIV Study Bible Notes, Zondervan, 1985, electronic media. This would include such things as: qualification for elders and deacons (chap. The impact must have necessitated great psychological and intellectual readjustments. Some areas of ecclesiology are more difficult to determine than others. Hebrews, which has been closely associated with Paul in both ancient tradition and Restoration teaching despite being significantly different in style and theme from the secure Pauline letters, has been identified as a work that begins like a treatise, proceeds like a sermon, and closes like an epistle.[19] Nevertheless, it is not simply a theological treatise but rather has an apologetic purpose, defending the superiority of Christ and preventing the readers from lapsing back to the Mosaic system. Several passages stand out in pointing us to the person and ministry of the Savior. Undoubtedly, because of their religious and immoral background, aberrant beliefs and practices of an extraordinary variety characterized this church. Chapters 2 is key in that it demonstrates why and how the believer is complete in Christ and needs nothing added to the saving person and work of Christ. In the 19th century, however, some thought that the heresy refuted in ch. The traditional title is Pros Ephesious, To the Ephesians. Many ancient manuscripts, however omit en Epheso and for this and other reasons, many scholars believe this was an encyclical letter (intended for circulation among several churches). 39 Frank E. Gaebelein, General Editor, The Expositor's Bible Commentary, New Testament, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, 1976-1992, electronic media. This was not carried out in a self-protecting spirit but because Paul knew that acceptance of his ministry and message were intimately bound with the Corinthian churchs own spiritual well-being.46. After the postscript was added, the letter was either folded or rolled and then sealed. How the involvement of Sosthenes and his concerns for Corinthian customs might have affected some of the more controversial sections of 1 Corinthians (e.g., the role of women) is unrecoverable. Paul then made his third visit to Corinth during the winter of A.D. 56-57 (Acts 20:2-3). Where to Watch. Even as our beloved brother Paul also according to the wisdom given unto him hath written unto you; as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction. 11-52; W. Hendricksen, A Commentary On 1 & II Timothy and Titus, The Banner of Truth Trust, London, 1957, pp. Wisdom occurs 29 times in 22 verses. Add an RSC shortcut to this device's Homescreen, In the menu, scroll past any icons and tap. Thus, Paul writes about the believers wealth, walk, and warfare. 1:1). 1:1); and (3) the question of authorship cannot be decided solely on the basis of vocabulary without considering how subject matter affects a writers choice of words. It has also been suggested that Onesimus became a minister and later bishop of the church at Ephesus (Ignatius, To the Ephesians, 1).71, Key words or concepts are, Oneness, and forgiveness in Christ., The forgiveness that the believer finds in Christ is beautifully portrayed by analogy in Philemon. Everton lost 4-1 to Newcastle United at Goodison Park on Thursday and are second bottom in the Premier League ahead of Mondays visit to fellow strugglers Leicester City.. 11, 18), is motivated by Pauls love to intercede on his behalf (vv. Regardless, external and internal evidence support Paul as the author. Misunderstanding of the Spirits ministry (2:6-16), D. The Design and Example of Paul (4:6-21), III. He seems to have written it from Corinth in the winter of AD 5758, when Paul began making plans to visit Rome on his way to Spain and the west after first delivering a collection of money to the poor Saints in Jerusalem (see Romans 15:1433). This may well account for the period spent in Arabia and Damascus before his first visit to Jerusalem (Gal. The Past: The Work of Faith (1:1-3:13), A. Finally, (5) he wrote to warn against the evils of materialism (chap. In the case of Pauls scribe Tertius, he may have been a professional secretary who was able to take dictation in ancient shorthand and had volunteered his services since Romans has many oratorical features that seem to reflect spoken composition. To distinguish this letter from the First Epistle to the Corinthians, this letter received the title, Pros Corinthians B. Contained therein are the principles for giving (8:1-6), the purposes for giving (8:7-15), the policies to be followed in giving (8:16-9:5), and the promises to be realized in giving (9:6-15).47. Phrases in Ephesians like in Christ or with Christ appear some 35 times. The date when Paul penned this letter depends on the destination of the letter. Everton lost 4-1 to Newcastle United at Goodison Park on Thursday and are second bottom in the Premier League ahead of Mondays visit to fellow strugglers Leicester City.. The beneficiaries of thorough gospel instruction, upon Pauls departure the Corinthian Saints developed internal divisions arising from factionalism, pride over special knowledge and gifts, and moral misbehavior arising from doctrinal speculation. However, by considering the original context of the letters and Pauls original reasons for writing them, the types of writing that these letters represent, and how he actually composed and formatted them, the modern student of the Pauline epistles can better interpret the letters and understand both their original and current applications, thereby avoiding wresting them improperly. These congregations also consisted largely of Gentile converts, but in Pauls absence a subsequent group of missionaries had disturbed the new converts by teaching them a different gospel (see Galatians 1:610). In addition, Paul was a Roman citizen, being Roman born (Acts 22:28). 1:4]). WebLook for connection between doctrine and ethics in the body of the letter. with the leaders there, he took Titus (a Gentile) with him (Gal. 10-13 are part of that lost sorrowful letter. Although some features of those chapters correspond to what must have been the contents of the lost letter, the principal subject of that letter (the offender of 2 Cor. Paul lists the keys to an enduring successful ministry: A reproducing ministry (1-2); an enduring ministry (3-13); a studying ministry (14-18); and a holy ministry (19-26).68. The average letter of Paul, however, was 2,495 words long! 49 Merrill F. Unger, The New Ungers Talking Bible Dictionary, Original work copyright 1957 The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, electronic media. . He wrote: (1) to give an incentive for the Thessalonians to persevere by describing the reward and retribution that will occur in the future judgment of God (1:3-10), (2) to clarify the prominent events belonging to the day of the Lord in order to prove the falsity of the claims that the day had already arrived (2:1-2), and (3) to give detailed instructions covering the disciplinary steps the church should take in correcting those who refuse to work (3:6-15). There is no argument against Pauline authorship that does not have a reasonable answer. In 1 Cor.6:12+ Pauls reasons against having sex with prostitutes by citing Christian doctrine. Though Titus is never mentioned in Acts, the many references to him in Pauls epistles (13 times), make it clear he was one of Pauls closest and most trusted fellow-workers in the gospel. 1 Cor. Convinced now that Jesus was a righteous man and that his death on the cross was not the just punishment of a criminal but rather that of a martyr who died for a noble cause, Paul was ready to give himself to that same cause, which was more alive than it had been before Jesus' crucifixion and which pointed the way to a salvation that could not be achieved by obedience to a set of laws that were contrary to human desires. From 56-60 Paul was slowly making his way through the Roman courts, arriving ultimately at Rome. And, of course, the letters themselves claim to have been written by Paul.65, The Greek titles for 1 and 2 Timothy are Pros Timotheon A and Pros Timotheon B, First to Timothy and Second to Timothy. Timothys name means, honoring God.. Thus, chapters 5 and 6 show that Christians must learn to live by the power of the Spirit and that the Spirit controlled walk will manifest not the works of the flesh but rather the fruit of the Spirit. In 1 Timothy and Titus, Paul was free and able to travel, but here he is a prisoner in a cold dungeon and facing death. Liar! they cried and stoned him. The Resurrection of Sleeping Saints (4:13-16), 2. As previously mentioned, the apostle was a prisoner when he wrote this epistle (Eph. Christianity had been brought to Rome by others, presumably Jewish Christians, perhaps as early as the AD 40s or even earlier since Jews from Rome had been among those in Jerusalem at the time of Pentecost (see Acts 2:10). Because the historical circumstances are very similar to those of 1 Thessalonians, most believe it was written not long after the first letterperhaps about six months. Some early church fathers as Polycarp and Clement of Rome, allude to these epistles as Pauline. [14] Early in the postapostolic period and in the centuries since, many Christians have seen the necessity of accepting Jesus Christ and the failure of Israel to do so as a sign that the Christian Church, as New Israel, had superseded, or taken the place, of ethnic Israel. The superiority of prophecy over tongues (14:1-25), 5. 1:1, Tit. The centrality of Christ as the essence, source, and means of the Christian life is stated in 1:30, of Him you are in Christ Jesus, who became for us the wisdom of God: both righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption (my translation). Rather, as official delegates of Paul, they were sent to assist churches in establishing their ministries pastorally speaking (cf. When we think of Christ we dont always reflect on the stunning power that comes from the perfect unity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, but it is picture of unity Christ desires for his church. Further, his authorship is virtually unchallenged. Second, Timothy and Titus undoubtedly possessed the gifts needed for pastoral ministry and while there was an element of pastoral care in what they did, they were not elders or pastors who are given by the Lord to various churches for more long-term ministries (1 Pet. [29] For instance, the subscription to 1 Thessalonians reads: The first epistle unto the Thessalonians was written from Athens. First Thessalonians 3:16, taken together with Acts 18:15, make it clear that Paul wrote the letter from Corinth, after he had left Athens and when Timothy had come to Corinth with news about the Church in Thessalonica (see Anderson,Understanding Paul, 72). [5] While the principles that these letters teach are abiding and applicable in our age, understanding the original occasion of each letter is especially important for understanding and interpreting it,[6] as can be seen particularly in some of the early letters of Paul such as those written to the Saints in Thessalonica, Galatia, Corinth, and Rome. WebThe canon of the books of the New Testament includes, along with the Pauline corpus (the thirteen letters of St. Paul and the letter of Hebrews), a group of seven others which Tradition usually calls the "Catholic Letters" - that written by St. James, two by St. Peter, three by St. John and one by St. Jude. 1:1; 2 Tim. The Believers Walk in Righteousness (4:17-5:18), 1. In contrast, for an LDS understanding of Romans 911, see Millet, The Just Shall Live by Faith, 5354. While ancient Greek letters consistently included the salutation chairebe well or rejoicein the opening formula, here Paul seems to have changed the conventional greeting by substituting charis, or grace, a typically Pauline usage that immediately called to mind the saving work of Jesus Christ. Instructions Concerning Various Responsibilities (5:1-6:10), E. Concerning the Heretical and Greedy (6:3-10), VII. 10-17). The Present: The Labor of Love (4:1-12), A. Acts 17:28; Titus 1:12). So here are some suggestions to think about: Suggestion 1. From the first century onward (A.D. 96), there is continuous and abundant evidence that Paul is the author. In a later epistle, Paul will stress how we are complete in Christ (Col. 2:10). The rest are forgeries. Paul was known for many years as Saul of Tarsus. [38] See Brown, Introduction to the New Testament, 416n16. Instructions Concerning Men and Women (2:8-15), IV. The Mechanics of Writing an Ancient Letter. 6: Acts to Revelation, ed. When He comes, He will deliver us from wrath (undoubtedly a reference to the Tribulation) (1:10; 5:4-11), give rewards (2:19), perfect us (3:13), resurrect us (4:13-18), and sanctify (set apart) all those who have trusted in Him (5:23). Exhortation Regarding the Philosophy of the False Teachers (2:8), B. In view of the theme or purpose, the key words are wealth, walk, and warfare.. Paul did not establish the church in Rome, but as the apostle to the Gentiles, he had longed for many years to visit the believers in Rome (15:22-23) that he might further establish them in the faith and preach the gospel there as well (1:13-15). Paul presents Jesus Christ as the Second Adam whose righteousness and substitutionary death have provided justification for all who place their faith in Him. In Galatians, Paul addressed a congregation that he had founded but which had subsequently been infiltrated by Judaizers bringing with them old practices of the Mosaic law. He Commands and Convicts Regarding Idleness (3:1-16), V. His Concluding Benediction and Greeting (3:16-18). The former referred to north-central Asia Minor, north of the cities of Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe; the latter referred to the Roman province (organized in 25 B.C.) This is true whether they deal with personal matters or the corporate ministry of the church. Though accused by the Jews before the Roman governor Gallio (a charge that was dismissed) Paul remained 18 months in Corinth (Acts 18:1-17; 1 Cor. Most ancient letters followed a standardized format, one that can often be discerned in other letters of the New Testament, but the length of Pauls letters and the fact they would generally be heard rather then read required additional organization. Personal: The Gospel of Grace, Justification by Faith Defended (1:1-2:21), B. From there he went to Jerusalem to deliver the money, intending to continue on to Rome and Spain (15:24). Hence the body of a letter is often divided then into distinct parts, sometimes referred to as Pauline Indicative for the section of instructions and Pauline Imperative for the section containing admonitions,[38] as can be seen in the body of 1 Thessalonians, in which Paul begins with an indicative section reviewing his relationship to the Thessalonians (2:13:13) and follows with an imperative section of exhortations and instructions (4:15:22), which includes not only a subdivision of ethical admonitions (4:112) but also a further subsection that gives the Saints directions on how they should live given their expectation of the Parousia (4:135:11). A key word in concept is correction as Paul sought to correct the problems in Corinth, but wisdom, contrasting Gods wisdom with mans, is also a key word of the book. This is, of course, fitting, for sound doctrine should lead to godly conduct. The key words or concepts are judgment, retribution, and destruction all revolving around the return of the Lord in the day of the Lord. The fact that believers are not under the Law in no way means the freedom to do as one pleases, but the power to do what we should by Gods grace through the Spirit. There is an absence of controversy in this epistle, and it does not deal with problems of particular churches. Whether he was imprisoned once or twice in Rome is debated, though two imprisonments seem to fit the facts better. 1:16-19). This guide will show you how to locate different resources on Paul and The Pauline Letters. Instructions Concerning Prayer (2:1-7), B. Instructions Concerning Doctrine (1:3-20), A. The work comprises four parts: in section one, Pauls identity as priest, eschatological herald, and missionary-pastor are explored while in part two topics such as the apostles activity among pagans, his suffering, and Pauls "missionary message" to the church at Rome are considered. 202-03. But as he did so, he could not help but be impressed by the way in which the Christians met the persecutions inflicted upon them. Paul wrote all four prison epistles during his first Roman imprisonment. As with 1 Timothy, there is a personal and a corporate aspect in the themes of the book: In view of the challenge of chapter 2 and the model of chapter 4, endurance in ministry is a fitting key concept of this letter. Originally, they were regarded as mere personal letters and were classified with Philemon, but because of their strong bearing on the life of the church, they began to be called the Pastoral Epistles. Though addressed to individuals, these books are not only not limited to personal and private communications, but they are more official in character. In both cases, they seem to have been fellow Christians who were competent in letter writing. 16:5-9; Acts 20:31). Priscilla and Aquila, whom Paul met in Corinth, were Jewish Christian refugees from Rome (see Acts 18:13; Romans 16:34). Following this, Paul went to Nicopolis in Achaia (southern Greece, Titus 3:12). The nature of their participation in the formulation of the material used in the letter is best described by Richards, who notes that Paul worked as leader of a missionary team, the members of which would have discussed and prayed with him about problems facing the congregations to which they were writing. His hypothesis is that: The Pauline epistles began, most of them, as fragments by Simon (part of Romans), Marcion (the third through sixth chapter of Galatians and the basic draft of Ephesians), and Valentinian Gnostics (Colossians, parts of 1 Corinthians, at least). It was also included in the canon of Marcion and in the Muratorian fragment.70 As to the internal evidence, Paul refers to himself as the author in verses 1, 9, and 19. Robert L. Millet (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1987), 14650; Charles A. Wanamaker, The Epistles to the Thessalonians, New International Greek Testament Commentary (hereafter NIGTC) (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1990), 5363, 16490; E. P. Sanders, Paul (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 2633; Raymond E. Brown, Introduction to the New Testament (New York: Doubleday, 1997), 45962. The Power and Provision for Our Walk (5:14-18), C. The Believers Walk in the World (5:19-6:9), 1. The theme is the fruitful and effective power of the gospel message which heralds the supremacy, headship, and the utter sufficiency of Christ to the church which is His body. Romans, which has been called his greatest work or his magnum opus, gets its title from the fact it was written to the church in Rome (1:7, 15). 2:2, 10; 3:16; 4:7, 8; 6:3, 5, 6, 11 with 3:15 and 4:12). Whereas Ephesians sets forth the glorious mystery, the church which is Christs body, Christ as the head of the Church (1:22-23), and believers as co-members of one another who are equally blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ (1:3; 2:11-22), Philippians guards the practice of Ephesians. . The theme of 1 Timothy, as with Titus and 2 Timothy, is twofold, one involving the individual and the other the church. E.g. The early church was unanimous in its testimony that Philippians was written by the apostle Paul (see 1:1). Application: the Practice of Righteousness in Service (12:115:13), F. In Relation to Other Christians (14:115:13), VII. It was written from Corinth, while completing the collection for the poor in Palestine. Second Thessalonians anticipates Christ, the coming Judge. The Propagation of His Work (1:24-2:3), II. Paul did not deny the rights of Philemon over his slave, but he asked Philemon to relate the principle of Christian brotherhood to the situation with Onesimus (v. 16). When Paul left Antioch for Jerusalem to discuss the gospel of grace (Acts 15:1f.) Follow the tabs above to get WebThe occasional nature of the Pauline letters b. Paul's dominance in the canon c. The Pauline traditions in Acts d. The Pauline pseudepigrapha. In the Home and Household Life (3:18-4:1), IV. He became familiar not only with the Law itself but with the explanations and commentaries made by the leading rabbis of the Jewish faith. Having energetically and consistently persecuted the church of Jesus Christ, while on the road to Damascus, Paul had an encounter with the glorified resurrected Christ, which had revolutionary effects on his life. This preoccupation with Jesus return, however, seems to have been at the heart of Pauls second letter, where he needed to moderate the enthusiasm of the Thessalonians, noting some of the significant signs that would precede the Parousia (see 2 Thessalonians 2:112) and encouraging the Saints with admonitions to work that seem to have been occasioned by the disorderly walk (ataktos peripatountos) or idle behavior of Saints whose indolence seems to have been the result of an unrealistic expectation of an imminent Second Coming (see 2 Thessalonians 3:615). Pauls epistles fall into two categories: nine epistles written to churches (Romans to 2 Thessalonians) and four pastoral and personal epistles (1 and 2 Timothy, Titus and Philemon). In it he bared his heart and declared his steadfast love for the Corinthians even though some had been extremely critical and very fickle in their affection for him. James, although it begins as a letter, continues as a homily based on scriptural references and the teachings of Jesus, employing the diatribe style. This conflict between duty and desire became an intolerable situation for Paul; because of it, he gave up his plans for becoming a rabbi. 801-422-6975. Paul then recalls his own experience of conversion and commission to apostleship In the New Testament there are 13 books written by the Apostle Paul. These thanksgivings were so standard in Pauline letters that their absence is obvious, as in the letter to the Galatians, where Pauls anger is apparent.[37]. Instead, the composition process was a more lengthy procedure that involved others at every step. No! Ephesians along with Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon are sometimes referred to as the prison epistles because they were each written while Paul was confined or in chains. [37] Murphy-OConnor, Paul the Letter-Writer, 6061. .), he identified himself with a new, spiritual household and identified his position to emphasize his authority (e.g., Paul, a servant or apostle of Jesus Christ as in 12 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians, 12 Timothy, and Titus). While we are blessed with every spiritual blessing in Christ (1:3), we are nevertheless faced with a formidable enemy for which we need the armor of God.
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