Which of the following elements are found in a fugue and which are not? The independence and equality of concurrent melodic lines, The following excerpt represents polyphonic texture. Which of the following excerpts is most likely a composition by Paganini? One characteristic of this excerpt that suggests it might be from the Baroque Period is: :29 It contrasts a group of instruments with a solo instrument. Have a look at this example of a sports crowd singing the US National Anthem in unison at the Ryder Cup: The crowd are all singing in unison with no accompaniment and so it is a monophonic texture. It is no longer monophonic as it now has an accompaniment. In fact, one of the most significant types of compositions in the Baroque Era, which is the Fugue, is Polyphonic by definition. This is imitation. When you describe the texture of a piece of music, you are describing the relationship of melodic and (sometimes) harmonic elements with each other. (00:20). Early baroque music is characterized by frequent use of polyphonic texture. One of the most common forms of polyphonic texture is the fugue. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. One characteristic of this excerpt that suggests it might be from the Baroque Period is: It contrasts a group of instruments with a solo instrument. The proper musical term for decreasing the tempo is __________. :29. Have a listen to this version of Silent Night by the acapella group Pentatonix: Many modern hymn tunes are homophonic and homorythmic. Gave full expression to a wide range of feelings, dreams, and the heroic human potential. You can get your paper edited to read like this. congregational, chorales (3:11). Listen to the following two examples from a piece in rondo form presented in the text. Part of the Zilten Mosaic from the 2nd century AD discovered in Libya, depicting the hydraulis, a water-powered organ. The 4 different textures that I am going to explain will help you describe what each of the different parts are contributing to the overall sound. Which of the following were sacred genres in the Medieval period? It contrasts a group of instruments with a solo instrument. watch this video presentation for the Organ, The video presentation discusses this complex form in more detail, going through it section by section. Let us have a look at your work and suggest how to improve it! From which of the following pairs would you choose the most likely composer of this example? An opera is a large-scale ______ that is ______, a song, usually of a highly emotional nature. Wide dynamic range and repetition in the melody to express deep feelings. 3. Which of the following composers was known for using folk-based fiddle tunes like the one in the following example? Monteverdi's vocal music ordinarily was supported by a ____________ and other instruments. C. King Henry Vlll began to write songs about lost loves and romantic relationship issues. Antonio was the best gymnast at the competition. A few hundred miles was infinity. Which describes this section? The definition of polyphonic texture comes from the Greek (poly-phonic), literally meaning many sounds. Who are two prominent women composers of the Baroque era? While the clavichord was invented in the late Middle Ages (around 1300), the clavichord was invented around the Renaissance period (around 1500s). Whilst this is technically true, it is a very basic description and we need to try to be a bit more detailed in the language we use to describe texture in music. Depending on the size and girth of the pipe, the sound would either be low or high (larger pipes created low pitches, while smaller pipes created higher pitches). Example 1. The musical texture that consists of a single melody without accompaniment is called: This music excerpt is an example of: (00:31), The following excerpt represents homophonic texture. Which of the following is a false statement? A multi-movement sacred work for soloist and choir intended for a concert performance, A piece for solo instrument or a small group of instruments, A piece that contrasts a solo instrument with an ensemble. Which of the following statements best describes musical form in the Romantic period? However, one effective stylistic use of this grammatical device is to make a vivid, surprising comparison, as when Clarke writes "A few hundred miles was infinity. Members of the Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style based on the, Which of the following statements is not true. Here is a diagram showing all 4 of the textures we have looked at. Which of the following characteristics are associated with the rococo style? ____________ is a musical idea repeated over and over in the bass while melodies above it constantly change. (00:36)`, The following excerpt is dissonant. He chose the instrumentation of the modern era while using the structural style of the Baroque period. :40. Which of the following best describes aleatory music? All fugues are polyphonic in texture, and employ a compositional technique known as imitation. 2005: Baroque: Vivaldi, Antonio: Concerto Opus 10 No. Despite advances in other areas, Renaissance harmony and polyphony remained restricted to the music rules that governed most of the Medieval period. The hydraulis is the oldest-known keyboard instrument in recorded human history from around the 3rd century B.C., and is pre-cursor to the modern-day organ. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. A Fugue is a composition characterized by one main theme, called the subject, and the imitation of that theme by different voices. According to the text, art of the Romantic period valued emotional restraint and clarity of form. (4:32), This instrument, which was very popular during the Renaissance, is called a (bent handle at the top). Which of the following types of texture does it represent? 1:54. 0000 0026 a cappella with only . Which event triggered the United States to issue the Truman doctrine? This aria is called "Dido's Lament" because Dido is lamenting the loss of Aeneas, her lover. :21, What is the name of the technique used in the following excerpt? Dose this look good anything wrong with it? :35, Which of the following describes this example? You'll notice that the instruments are visually very stunning -- we saw the harpsichord in Chapter 5.2 on chamber music in the Baroque period (1600-1750). But organs -- a type of keyboard instrument --- have been around for over 2 millennia. . Prima practica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices. (This is an excerpt from Bach's Prelude . Then, write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentence. 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Quickly and professionally. (7:31). Given the atonal nature of this example, which of the following is the most likely composer? Melodic ideas that are shown in one voice appear in other voices as well. The elements used through the piece, Fugue in G minor by Bach, has the deeper . :22. :22. The descending chords in the strings are (parallel sevenths/parallel ninths/parallel triads/ninths in contrary motion) 5. :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? (1:00), Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? :33, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. The move to establishing a system of 12 major and minor keys took place within the mid- to late Baroque period. :24, The following excerpt is most likely from a: :33, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. During the Baroque period, the musical feature that lent harmonic support to the main melodic line of a composition was called: The musical features of the following example suggest that it comes from a/an: :21, What is the name of the technique used in the following excerpt? Subscribe to our mailing list and get FREE music resources to your email inbox. After 38 seconds, the other vocalists join in singing various different vocal and percussive parts the texture has become more complex, but it is still broadly homophonic. (00:13). Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Which of the following excerpts exhibits Baroque rhythmic characteristics? He used the dynamic traditions of the Baroque period with Classical instrumentation choices. Heterophonic textures can be found in a wide range of music from jazz, folk music to the gamelan from Indonesia. -no strong beat-accompanied by a few instruments that play simple chords-freely sung-solo vocal, solo soprano singing in a slow tempo and a steady beat, accompanied by strings (bowed and plucked). uld help clarify and interpret meanings of texts. :20, One characteristic of this excerpt that suggests it might be from the Baroque Period is: :47. Many composers in the contemporary period sought alternatives to tonality, or key-centered music. Which of the following is NOT a Baroque composer? Bachs Mit unsrer Macht. The harmony is used through the piece to enhance the knowledge and understanding the melody with the use of color. (3:02). There are four music textures that you need to understand: In this lesson we will look at definitions and explanations for each musical texture in turn. A multi-movement instrumental work based on rhythms of popular dances. Vivaldi wrote instrumental music that depicts a scene without the use of sung words, a style called: A Baroque concerto is a(n) ______ form that is based upon the ______ of two dissimilar bodies of ______. This piece of music is a good example of: (00:20). ____________ refers to a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech. Musical texture refers to how melody and harmony relate to each other. Which of the following terms does not refer to a basic musical texture? :47, Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Have a listen to this acapella version of You Raise Me Up by BYU Vocal Point. An ____________ is an orchestral composition performed before the curtain rises on a dramatic work. And so not only do the timbres sound different, but the music itself is written using almost a different type of language than modern music! Pipe organ at St. Germain cathedral in Paris, taken by Grard Janot - Own work, Public Domain. This composer pictured above wrote The Blue Danube, arguably the most famous waltz of all time. During the episode, the composer takes away the subject (we've heard it too much, and want a rest!) Picture of the Robertsbridge Codex, taken from ClassicFM. Watch this video of Ernst Stolz performing a piece titled "Rowland" by John Dowland (1563-1626) an English Renaissance. (indirect object) The ranchhand gave each of us a handful of food pellets. What best describes the performing forces in the "Hallelujah" chorus from Messiah. (7:19). The instruments therefore have a "twangy" effect, because you can actually hear the string being plucked (imagine plucking a guitar string with your finger nail, and that's the sound you get. The picture to the left is the oldest-discovered hydraulis from the 1st century B.C., and is housed in the Archeological Museum of Dion, Greece. :47. The seventeenth-century system in New England in which church leaders sang each line of a psalm and the congregation repeated the lines back is called: In eighteenth-century New England, a new type of notation called ______________ evolved to help improve solfge instruction. For example, the texture of the music might be thick or thin, or it may have many or few layers. According to the text, what was the significance of Debussys work? (00:26), The most salient compositional aspect of the following excerpt is: (00:35). Include at least one broad question about a pattern you see. During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________. The excerpt moves from monophonic to polyphonic to homophonic. (as in the excerpt above). The virginal from above is a member of the harpsichord family. What element of the musical style of the following piece indicates that it is from the Renaissance period rather than the Medieval period? Early baroque music is characterized by frequent use of polyphonic texture. Which of the following trends in contemporary music does this excerpt exemplify? Pictured left: harpsichord, by Grard Janot - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. The composers Samuel Barber, Thea Musgrave, and Ned Rorem resisted the 20th-century trend of serialism, Which of the following is the composer for this piece? We often associate the organ with "church sound," at least from the Catholic perspective -- that's because up until the early 1960s, the Vatican wouldn't allow any other instrument in the Catholic church (with very little exception). Then, watch this video of Steven Devine demonstrating the sound of the Clavichord, creating a very different and more unique keyboard sound. :40, Which of these examples is a recitative? It comprises a melody and an accompaniment. The Florentine Camerata A Baroque oratorio is. 1:00, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. Perform and listen to this excerpt before attempting an . The effect of developing the texture of the piece is to build the feel of the song in a very dramatic way: I hope that this lesson on musical texture has helped you understand the topic more and also that it helps you in your composing. (00:06), This music example illustrates a chord played one note after another. Summary: Homophony is an important category of musical texture. He is a music teacher, examiner, composer and pianist with over twenty years experience in music education. homophony, consonance, triple meter with a brief switch to duple. :47. (00:42). A multi-movement instrumental work based on rhythms of popular dances. Due to the increased use of homophony in the baroque period chords became much more significant than they were in the past. Contrasts between a small group of soloists and a larger ensemble. Listen to the excerpt from "Se vuol ballare" from The Marriage of Figaro. Think "row row row your boat," being sung as a round. There is a reason for this: the music written in the Medieval Period (5th century-15th century) and the Renaissance 1400s-1600s) treated melody and harmony very differently than our modern music. 1:54. the successive repetition of a musical idea at higher or lower pitches. By the end of the Baroque, moving into the early Classical period, composers were . Thank you for subscribing. (00:31). Bach's Badinerie is primarily for an orchestra comprised of flute and string orchestra, with the string orchestra including, what is known as, a basso part. grassroots elite basketball ; why does ted lasso have a southern accent . ; Which keyboard instument is heard in the beginning of Rejoice Greatly? Which of the following is a composition for the vihuela? Which of the following examples represents secular music? Who composed La favola dOrfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? For larger instruments, performers would actually need someone to pump a bellows to do it for them! Depending on what the pipe is made of, its size and even shape, the sound will be completely different. The modern pipe organ is capable of playing literally hundreds of different sounds, each of which resemble real instruments. Both instruments are played by pressing a key, which in turn, moves a plectrum up, which plucks a string. :25, Which of the following excerpts exhibits Baroque rhythmic characteristics? . T/F? Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? How are EXPRESSIVE TECHNIQUES and DURATION used in this excerpt? Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? When voice 2 finishes the subject, voice 3 then enters with the subject; when it's done, voice 4 then plays the subject while all the other voices continue to play their own thing. Lets start with the simplest musical texture to define and describe monophonic. (00:59). Which one of the following is not a general characteristic of Romantic music: Compositions were based on logic and controlled feelings. Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? (00:30), The sense of beat in this example is unstressed throughout. Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? Unlike the clavichord from above, the harpsichord does not have "touch sensitivity." Composers and arrangers can introduce some elements of variation in a piece of music without altering its basic form. Piece for solo keyboard. (3:22), This composition is a clear example of: (17:17). The melody in this composition is representative of Romantic music because it: (00:34). The composer of this selection is: (10:26), The following excerpt features characteristics of polyphonic texture. :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? The characteristics of a melody may be best described in terms of: The melody in the following excerpt is comprised of: (00:24), Does the following excerpt move mainly by disjunct, conjunct, or repeated tones? The following statement contains an italicized vocabulary word. The definition of monophonic music is taken from the Greek (mono-phonic), literally meaning one sound. Many composers of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) composed music solely for the organ. Musical Texture refers to how different layers of a piece of music are combined to produce the overall sound.
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