to give assurances as to the standards of performance it would be able For you, for President Eisenhower, and for the American people, the choice in Vietnam was whether to 'sink or swim with Ngo Dinh Diem.' A Strong Anti-Communist Leader in South Vietnam At Geneva, Ho Chi Minh agreed to stop fighting in part because he was sure he'd win an election in South Vietnam. Following the Geneva Convention, President Eisenhower and the United States supported Ngo Dinh Diem. John F. Kennedy addresses the UN on Vietnam (September 1961) mi nm sau tnh hay m (BS Nguyn Tin Cnh ), CS Gi nh Mnh (T Gn - Si Gn Nh), Bn He had no time to acclimate. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. t. e. Ng nh Dim ( / djm / [1] or / zim /; [2] Vietnamese: [ n jm] ( listen); 3 January 1901 - 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician who was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954-1955), and then served as the first president of South Vietnam ( Republic of Vietnam) from 1955 until he . DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following with great interest the course of The cycle of meetings opened on Monday, August 26, after the Hilsman cable had been sent and when the object was whether to confirm the instruction it had contained. Technical Directorate, VN Coastal Raiders Compare this with Document 10 here, and Items 9 (audio), 10 and 11 of E-book 302. John F. Kennedy Library: JFK Papers: National Security File; Country File, b. Secretary of State Dean Rusk proposed that regular meetings of the group be conducted similar to the Cuban Missile Crisis meetings of the Ex Comm. 35+ YEARS OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACTION, FOIA Advisory Committee Oversight Reports, The Diem Coup After 50 Years John F. Kennedy and South Vietnam, 1963, Kennedy Considered Supporting Coup in South Vietnam, August 1963, The Last Brahmin: Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. and the Making of the Cold War, William Colby and the CIA: The Secret Wars of a Controversial Spymaster, Vietnam: The History of an Unwinnable War, 1945-1975, The Ghosts of Langley: Into the CIA's Heart of Darkness. US news report on the imminent fall of Saigon (April 1975) Diem said that the Buddhist uprising had been resolved. Full text is unavailable for this digitized archive article. Hanoi Jane Fondas broadcast from North Vietnam (August 1972) Kennedy reported that Lodge and Harkins said that the generals in Saigon did not seem very enthusiastic for a coup. Other History Sourcebooks: African | East Asian | Indian | Islamic |Jewish | Lesbian and Gay | Science | Women's | Global, Letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954, Letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of 24, f.: Meetings on Vietnam, August-November 1963.. Tng - Bn c n cn (T Gn) and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. Primary Source. Rusk said that a cable should be sent to Lodge to assess the proposed coup and whether the U.S. should try to more actively exert influence. EISENHOWER ASKS VIETNAM REFORM; In Letter to Saigon Premier, President Links Aid Pledge to Stable Regime There EISENHOWER ASKS VIETNAM REFORM, https://www.nytimes.com/1954/10/25/archives/eisenhower-asks-vietnam-reform-in-letter-to-saigon-premier.html. hc t mt s tun tit (TS Lm L Trinh) Permission is Lodge was the first diplomat to meet with LBJ as president. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy to Ngo Dinh Diem. Communist Even now the views of Kennedy and some of his top aides about the advisability of a coup specifically have been shrouded by an incomplete documentary record that has led scholars to focus more on the attitudes of subordinates. We do not reproduce this here because we presented it in both the previous electronic briefings on this subject. By Tillman Durdinspecial To the New York Times. A Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative was approached during the time of U.S. 4th of July festivities by South Vietnamese military officers who wanted U.S. support for a coup detat that might overthrow Diem (2003 E-book, document 1). The E-book contained a selection of documents that showed how Washington considered South Vietnamese who might be alternative candidates for leadership, and jumped ahead to the final days before the coup. The received history on this is that Hilsman, Harriman, and NSC staffer Michael Forrestal advocated going ahead with a coup, while other factions opposed it. The visits all confirmed what INR had said in its Problem of Nhu memorandum (Document 17). providing web space and server support for the project. This website is created and maintained by Alpha History. Again, the 2003 E-book presented an array of materials on these events (Documents 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28), ranging from Kennedys White House sessions to monitor events, to the CIA daily situation reports, to a cable relating several versions of how Diem and Nhu died, to a CIA retrospective analysis of press coverage of the deaths. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and Kennedy became more specific when he said, The time may come, though, weve gotta just have to try to do something about Diem, and I think thats going to be an awfully critical period. While never directly speaking about a coup, Kennedy signaled that he was willing to accept regime change under certain circumstances. and to remember the thousands of Rusk, McNamara urge US involvement in Vietnam (November 1961) The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and maintaining a strong, viable state, capable of resisting attempted subversion or aggression through military means. Nhu claimed he was prepared to join them which could have been an effort to unmask the coup plotters and their grievances rather than a genuine statement of support. European and World history. In addition, Minh said it was vital that American foreign aid would continue to flow after a coup. Luke A. Nichter, For more information, contact The implications of the agreement concerning . They agreed that the coup plotters would deal only with Conein in the future. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961-1963, v. IV: Vietnam, August-December 1963. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. It was noted that in less than three years a chaotic situation resulting from years of war had been changed into one of progress and stability. needed reforms. Tng Thng President Ford on Americas post-Vietnam recovery (April 1975). He co-authored today's posting with Archive Fellow John Prados. Letter from President From that point on, the U.S. embassy and Saigon station became even more active as observers of South Vietnamese coup preparations. by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their Washingtons last opportunity to back out of the Saigon coup occurred on October 29, when President Kennedy gathered his advisers to go over the ground one more time. the specific electronic form of the document is copyright. McCone said he discouraged Kennedy from supporting a coup unless a suitable replacement for Diem was identified. Your recent requests for aid to assist in the formidable project of the movement of several hundred thousand loyal Vietnamese citizens away from areas which are passing under a de facto rule and political ideology which they abhor, are being fulfilled. President Eisenhower complimented President Ngo Dinh Diem on the remarkable achievements of the Republic of Viet-Nam under the leadership of President Ngo Dinh Diem since he took office in July 1954. The CIA learned of a talk he had had with ARVN commanders in the Saigon area where Nhu asserted that a cutoff of foreign aid would not be a problem because South Vietnam had enough foreign currency reserves to continue for 20 years. Eisenhower's Letter of Support to Ngo Dinh Diem, October 23, 1954 Dear Mr. President: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. He also wanted to see something on Lodge actually talking with Diem. by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive part3. The inauguration speech of Duong Van Minh (April 1975) Thomas L. Hughes Papers, Courtesy of Thomas Hughes. Hilsman dominated the discussion, with Taylor doubting whether Saigon could get along without Diem, and McNamara sought assurances on four points. An American draft-dodger explains his actions (1967) Nhu had begun weekly meetings with the generals of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) where he himself had introduced the subject of a coupas he told the CIA, it was a psychoanalytic technique which might induce the ARVN officers to reveal their intentions. agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future Noam Chomsky on the meaning of Vietnam (1975), Richard Nixon unveils a policy of Vietnamisation (November 1969) McCone shot back that the best line was no line. George Ball argued that Nhu in the ascendant was impossible to live with, making the coup imperative, but the questions were mooted that day when the Vietnamese generals postponed their coup plot. The US Congress Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (August 1964) civilians murdered in Hue City in 1968. National Defense University: Maxwell D. Taylor Papers, Vietnam, Chapter XXIII, T-172-68. Ngo Dinh Diem head of the South Vietnamese government Khrushchev Russian premier backed The Central Intelligence Agency ______ the Bay of Pigs invasion of Castro's Cuba. The implications of the agreement concerning Viet-Nam have caused grave concern regarding the future of a country temporarily divided by an artificial military grouping, weakened by a long and exhausting war and faced with enemies without and by their subversive collaborations within. Kennedy was personally aware of the pro-Diem views of Frederick E. Nolting, Lodges predecessor as ambassador, strengthening the impression that he included Nolting in White House deliberationsand personally engaged him in colloquy about Saigon eventspartly to build a case that all sides in this debate had been heard. the source. Lodge left for Saigon, planning to stop in Hawaii and Japan on his way to receive various briefings and touch base with senior U.S. officials. Ng nh Dim: Giai on cc k gy cn (HNT & TTN), TT President John F. Kennedy was more disposed,than previously understood, to support actions that might change the leadership in South Vietnam. Letter from President Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, October 23, 1954 DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. TT Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam, October 23, 1954 DEAR MR. with great interest the course of developments in Viet-Nam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva. part 1, part 2, Trn Vn Hng, Thiu Tng Phm CIA Director Colby described a Saigon situation that pictured the pro-regime forces as stronger than the plotters. On October 24 (Document 23) Conein met again with Don, who confirmed that Harkins had admitted his error in seeming to oppose a coup. Just as Kennedy ended the August round of coup talks, State Department official Paul Kattenburg, who had known Diem for a decade, had his own experience (Document 14). If you do reduplicate the document, indicate the source. JFK Papers: NSF: Country File, b. In Krulaks record of the same meeting (Document10), figures like Robert McNamara, George Ball, Averell Harriman were more forceful figures with the latter most going so far as to say that the U.S. will lose South Vietnam if there is not a successful coup to topple the Diem government. DocsTeach is a product of the National Archives education division. Vn Step-by-step explanation As discussed in the chapter titled "The United States and Vietnam" by Anderson, the letter written by President Dwight Eisenhower to Ngo Dinh Diem on October 23, 1954 provides evidence to support the notion that the United States' link with Vietnam changed through time. In 2003 we posted an electronic briefing book with one of the first-released Kennedy tape recordings of a key White House deliberation on the final go-ahead for the coup. Ng nh Dim: Giai on cc k gy cn (HNT & TTN) C. protect Western oil interests. Here we present Roger Hilsmans record of that meeting from State Department files (Document 24). He was an extraordinary character, while he became increasingly difficult in the last few months. According to recollections by DCI John McCone, made in the course of interviews conducted by the Church Committee in 1975, he met with President John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy on or around October 5 after Conein reported that Big Minh discussed a possible assassination plan. The purpose of this offer is to assist the Government of Viet-Nam in developing and The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University. The Department (JFK Papers: NSF: Country File, b. I am glad that the United States is able to assist in this humanitarian effort. We have been exploring ways and means to permit our aid to Viet-Nam to be more effective and to make a greater contribution to the welfare and stability of the government of Viet-Nam. Vice PresidentJohnson,Ngo Dinh Diem,and Ambassador Frederick Nolting in South Vietnam's Presidential Palace in 1961(Wikipedia). a leaflet calling for the people to rise up against the oppressor Diem; A letter to the Vietnamese Army telling them that Diem is just carrying on French colonialism; a 41-page document alleging Diem crimes against the people; and a leaflet that said "For the past eight years our land . Eisenhower sent a letter to Ngo Dinh Diem, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam, with America's plans and motives in efforts to gain the trust of a possible new American ally. The purpose of this offer is to assist contribute effectively toward an independent Viet-Nam endowed with a strong government. John Prados: The Saigon government was headed by President Ngo Dinh Diem, an autocratic, nepotistic ruler who valued power more than either his relations with the Vietnamese people or progress in fighting the communists. They spoke with academic Vietnam experts, the CIA station chief, and President Diem. Here we add Krulaks records on the other meetings (Documents 9, 11) and Bromley Smiths handwritten notes, from which he derived the records we had previously posted (Documents 10, 12). But within hours he would be deposed and 24 hours later summarily executed by the military. Deputy Director of the Office of Southeast Asian Affairs, Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs, Department of State, Paul Kattenburg met with President Diem for three hours on August 28. Enter a date in the format M/D (e.g., 1/1), President Eisenhower pledges support to South Vietnam, How the Vietnam War Ratcheted Up Under 5 U.S. Presidents, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/u-s-president-pledges-support-to-south-vietnam, Richard Burton buys Elizabeth Taylor a diamond, President Truman declares war with Germany is officially over, Western Union completes the first transcontinental telegraph line, James Brown records breakthrough Live at the Apollo album, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid opens in wide release, Marv Albert faces sentencing in sexual assault case. White House conversations took place without any principal figures changing their minds about the Saigon situation. Cht ca TT Ng nh Dim (Aladin Nguyen) Nhus attempts to fend off criticism or ingratiate himself with Washington failed. embassy.[9]. Bin Tnh Sng - (Hoi cm ca Trn khc Knh). Such a government would, I hope, Bin Tnh Sng - (Hoi cm ca Trn khc Knh). His methods and policies, particularly his persecution of South Vietnam's Buddhist population, were divisive and controversial. Eisenhower made it clear to Diem that U.S. aid to his government during. JFK Library: Roger Hilsman Papers: Country File, b. President Eisenhower's letter to South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem promising aid against the North, October 1954. While Diem had not yet surrendered, the coup plotters planned to set up a civilian government as soon as the coup was over. Colby said the coup forces were roughly equal in strength to those that remained loyal to Diem. Ho Chi Minh calls for unity against the French (February 1930) ISBN: 978-1-6209-7088-1, National Security Archive TWO LETTERS TO NGO DINH DIEM EISENHOWER'S LETTER TO NGO DINH DIEM October 23, 1954 (Department of State Bulletin, November 15, 1954) Dear Mr. President; I have been following with great interest the course of developments in Vietnam, particularly since the conclusion of the conference at Geneva.
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