Modi has an occupational origin, and refers to those who came from the community of Bania, which originally consisted of merchants, traders, money-lenders, and shopkeepers. 2021, Vidyabharati International Interdisplinary Research Journal (Special Issue) . The hypergamous tendency was never as sharp, pervasive and regular among the Vania divisions as among the Rajputs, Leva Kanbis, Anavils and Khedawals. Image Guidelines 5. The above brief analysis of change in caste in modern Gujarat has, I hope, indicated that an overall view of changes in caste in modern India should include a careful study of changes in rural as well as in urban areas in relation to their past. This Gujarati surname is considered to have derived from the Hindustani word panch meaning five. The name Panchal likely referred to those who belonged to any of the five artisanal communities of blacksmiths, goldsmiths, coppersmiths, carpenters, and stonemasons. [18][need quotation to verify], As of 1991, the population of Meghs in Punjab (India) was estimated at 105,157. The popularity and usage of Gujarati surnames have changed significantly over the period of years due to changes in social, linguistic, and cultural trends. The main reason was that Anavils did not practise priesthood as a traditional occupation, nor were they involved in traditional Sanskrit learning. The urban centres in both the areas, it is hardly necessary to mention, are nucleated settlements populated by numerous caste and religious groups. We have analyzed the internal structure of two first-order divisions, Rajput and Anavil, which did not have any second-order divisions, and of several second-order divisionsTalapada and Pardeshi Koli, Khedawal Brahman, and Leva Kanbiwhich did not have any third-order divisions. Bougies repulsion) rather than on hierarchy was a feature of caste in certain contexts and situations in traditional India, and increasing emphasis on division in urban Indian in modern times is an accentuation of what existed in the past. In some places they are known as Ganeshia, Meghbansi, Mihagh, Rakhesar, Rakhia, Rikhia, Rishia and other names. It is argued that the various welfare programmes of each caste association, such as provision of medical facilities, scholarships and jobs for caste members contribute, in however small a way, to the solution of the nations problems. Since most of the class is into some business, works like goldsmith, blacksmith, jewellers, money lenders, business tycoons, most of them are from the same community. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); [Read : Top 100 Punjabi Surnames or Last Names With Meanings]. The tad thus represented the fourth and last order of caste divisions. The degree of contravention is highest if the couple belong to two different first-order divisions. Kambadia Bhagat: 32: 31: Kangasia: 33: 32: Khatki or Kasai . Because of these two major factors, one economic and the other political, Gujarat at the beginning of the 19th century had a large urban population, distributed over a large number of small towns. Their traditional occupations were dyeing and calico printing. The main thrust of Pococks paper is that greater emphasis on difference rather than on hierarchy is a feature of caste among overseas Indians and in modern urban India. [1] Their traditional occupation was agricultural farming, cattle-herding and weaving. We will now analyze the internal structure of a few first-order divisions, each of which was split into divisions going down to the fourth order. Frequently, social divisions were neatly expressed in street names. 4 0 obj MomJunction provides content for informational purposes only. Among the first-order divisions with subdivisions going down to the fourth order, there are associations for divisions of all the orders. They also continued to have marital relations with their own folk. No analytical gains are therefore likely to occur by calling them by any other name. For example, among the Vanias the most general rule was that a marriage of a boy could be arranged with any girl who was bhane khapati, i.e., with whom he was permitted to have commensal relations (roti vyavahar). All of this information supports the point emerging from the above analysis, that frequently there was relatively little concern for ritual status between the second-order divisions within a first- order division than there was between the first-order divisions. The latter continued to be the provincial capital during Mughal rule. Frequently, the shift from emphasis on co-operation and hierarchy in the caste system to emphasis on division (or difference or separation) is described as shift from whole to parts, from system to elements, from structure to substance. In central Gujarat, for example, one and the same division, freely arranging marriages within it, was known by several names such as Baraiya, Dharala, Khant, Kotwal, Pagi, Patelia, Talapada, Thakarada, and Thakor. Sharma. The census operations, in particular, spread as they were over large areas, gave a great impetus to writings on what Srinivas has called the horizontal dimension of caste (1952: 31f;1966: 9,44,92,98-100,114-17). Thus, Hathiwala could mean someone who looks after or trains elephants. For Sindhi folk art, see, http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2806/1/41944_1961_ETH.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat&oldid=1146477012, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 03:36. Limitations of the holistic view of caste, based as it is mainly on the study of the village, should be realized in the light of urban experience. Sastry. The name Desai thus means landlord.. For example Saurastra and Kutch, in Prajapati community there is a surname like Chavda, Vaghela, Solanki, Gohil, Parmar, and these surnames are recognized as such even at present. I should hasten to add, however, that the open-minded scholar that he is, he does not rule out completely the possibility of separation existing as independent principle. "MOTHER" PLAN:- Households living under the wild line. Similar surnames: Bhagat, Bansal, Bhakta, Shankar, Bhandari, Hansard, Basa, Khalsa. I know some ekdas, and tads composed of only 150 to 200 households. The division had an elaborate internal hierarchy, with wealthy and powerful landlords and tax-farmers at the top and small landholders, tenants and labourers at the bottom. There was also another kind of feast, called bhandaro, where Brahmans belonging to a lesser number of divisions (say, all the few in a small town) were invited. They took away offerings made to Shiva, which was considered extremely degrading. Get high-quality PDF version by clicking below. [15], There exists cultural differences among these sub-caste groups of Meghwal. These divisions have, however, been kept out of the present analysis for reasons which have become well known to students of Hindu society since the 1950s. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"JoC_BWsapbxkWt5DiwKm.yUVJ1sUs5Lnx3NXnOdJgrU-3600-0"}; Surname search: Find a surname: Meaning of surname: Find origin of surname: List similar surnames: Name search: Find a name: Baby name generator (from parent names) Sibling name calculator: Find meaning of name: Find origin of name: Find gender of name: Find rashi of name: Find name numerology: Find religion from name: List names similar to . Marriages are arranged through negotiation between the families before puberty. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The surname thus is an occupational one and refers to someone who comes from a family of masons or artisans. Prohibited Content 3. It is a coalescence of Kolis and Rajputs on the modern political plane based on the foundation of the traditional social and cultural symbiosis under the rubric of Kshatriya. List Of Gujarati Surnames Or Last Names With Meanings, Infographic: Popular Gujarati Surnames Or Last Names. Some of the other such divisions were Kathi, Dubla, Rabari, Bharwad, Mer (see Trivedi 1961), Vaghri, Machhi, Senwa, Vanzara, and Kharwa. [5] The word Meghwar is derived from the Sanskrit words megh, meaning clouds and rain, and war (Hindi: ), meaning a group, son and child. There were also a number of first-order divisions, mainly of artisans, craftsmen and specialized servants, with small populations. SEBC Caste category is highest in Gujrat State. In recent years, however, there has been a tendency to emphasize hierarchy as the primary principle encompassing the principle of division. Although caste was found in both village and town, did it possess any special characteristics in the latter? This was because political authorities were hierarchized from little kingdom to empire and the boundaries of political authorities kept changing. In the city, on the other hand, the population was divided into a large number of castes and each of most of them had a large population, frequently subdivided up to the third or the fourth order. 6. Daftary is another Gujarati surname derived from the Persian word. So far we have considered first-order divisions with large and widely spread populations. If you prefer the old-school feeling, naming your child with county names can be the best. For example, in a Rajput kingdom the families of the Rajput king and his nobles resided in the capital town, while the Rajput landlords and cultivators resided in villages. It is designed to regulate the affairs of the community and apply sanctions against infractions of the communal code. The Subaltern Studies Group was part of a larger post-structural and cultural turn in the humanities and social sciences, which has profoundly changed how we today discuss history, power, consciousness, colonialism and resistance. A surname comes from the Sanskrit word vyasa meaning the compiler. The surname would have been associated with those who worked as compilers of ancient texts. Today, there are two kinds of Koli areas. In 1931, the Rajputs of all strata in Gujarat had together a population of about 35,000 forming nearly 5 per cent of the total population of Gujarat. No sooner had the village studies begun that their limitations and the need for studying caste in its horizontal dimension were realized. Co-residence of people, belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a higher order was, however, a prominent feature of towns and cities rather than of villages. Director, Developing Caste Welfare Block No. The patterns of change in marriage and in caste associations are two of the many indications of the growing significance of the principle of division (or separation or difference) in caste in urban areas in Gujarat. Together they provide a slice of Gujarati society from the sea- coast to the bordering highlands. In fact it has caused . [21], In the countryside of Rajasthan, many of the people of this community still reside in small hamlets of round, mud-brick huts painted on the outside with colourful geometric designs and decorated with detailed mirror inlays. Click here for additional information. Kothari derives its name from the words Kotha or Kothar, which means treasury or godown. The primarily urban castes linked one town with another; the primarily rural linked one village with another; and the rural-cum-urban linked towns with villages in addition to linking both among themselves. The social relations between and within a large number of such segregated castes should be seen in the context of the overall urban environment, characterized as it was by co-existence of local Hindu castes with immigrant Hindu castes and with the non-Hindu groups such as Jains, Muslims, Parsis and Christians, a higher degree of monetization, a higher degree of contractual and market relations (conversely, a lesser degree of jajmani-type relations), existence of trade guilds, and so on. (Scores from 0 to 20) "Maa Vatsalya" scheme:-Annual Rs. There was considerable elaboration in urban areas of what Ghurye long ago called the community aspect of caste (1932: 179) and frequently, this led to juxtaposition rather than hierarchy between caste divisions of the same order.