This is due to the fact that, people in societies continue to experience emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. /Contents 120 0 R For most people, getting married and bearing children are important transitional life events on their ladder to adulthood. /Parent 1 0 R Ritual ceremonies are an embodiment of the African cultural life, and a symbol of traditional values, beliefs, customs, and practices. << It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. endobj 33 0 obj /Type /Page Values are an enduring belief that a specific end-state or mode of conduct is preferable. Some Forms of Therapy Are Difficult or Nearly Impossible Online. endobj endobj /BG2 /Default /Contents 81 0 R The totemic character is inherent, and a symbolic figure to all the individuals of a given clan. endobj WebCounselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages. The multicultural counselor competencies involve the continual development of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills, related to the awareness of ones own assumptions, values, and biases, understanding the worldview of the culturally different client, and the application of culturally appropriate interventions, strategies and techniques [26]. /Resources 88 0 R Cultural identity development is a major determinant of individual attitudes toward the self, the same group, and different groups, and its effectiveness is most likely to be enhanced when the counselor uses modalities and defines goals which are consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of the client. >> /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] /Rotate 0 /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endobj >> /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] An overarching theme in most of these advantages is communication, expressing emotions, changing dysfunctional paternal and dealing with major life These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. The reverse is true when the changes are deemed beneficial to the individual. Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. >> /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] From an African context, the initiation rituals preface the beginning of, or conclude, the days, weeks, or even months and years of sustained instruction, coaching, mentoring, and counseling. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Type /Page During the therapy session, youll be asked about what you hope to gain from the work youre doing. Religious history reveals that human beings have defined their existence in consort with, or relation to, some supernatural, omniscient and omnipotent beings in the celestial realms. 30 0 obj 40 0 obj The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. The social interpretation of witchcraft is that evil and misfortune is embodied in the person of a witch. /FontDescriptor 39 0 R Traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural norms underlie the basis of traditional counseling theory and practice. Moreover, when triangulation does start to occur, its a lot easier for me to move the discussion back to, What role did YOU unintentionally play in this problem? Values represent the base upon which a person builds a satisfactory personal existence (age, geographical area, generation); they are crystallized through social models and personal experiences (cultural, professional, societal), and they represent the fundamental or universal paradigms, such as autonomy, equality, liberty, solidarity, freedom, justice, and fairness [6]. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy [EMDR]. It is in the context of this understanding that it becomes imperative to promote and strengthen indigenous approaches of traditional counseling that are responsive to the social life and expectations of the local people. If the thought of meeting someone in-person or seeing them face-to-face for the first time makes you nervous, online therapy is for you. Advantages of Email Counselling and Online Therapy in General Emotional Memory Management: Positive Control Over Your Memory Pennebaker Inventory of The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. Religious leaders are representative shepherds of God, responsible for the caring for people on earth. The central theme of multiculturalism is the assumption that the other mainstream modern counseling theories inadequately describe, explain, predict, and deal with, cultural diversity and dynamism of the clientele [25]. Based on this understanding, it is manifest that rituals are part of the cultural life of people, and ritual performance is a normal traditional custom and practice in most human societies worldwide. This is an essential element of African religions, and it is on this basis, that religious and shrine cults have flourished. /Parent 1 0 R At village level, the village committee constitutes the third tier in the hierarchy. If you are in a life threatening situation dont use this site. /Parent 1 0 R All they require is a method of payment and email. endobj endobj Saving Money Compared to Traditional Therapy. Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients. This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. /Parent 1 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] First, the attitude that includes the traditional counselors affective, behavioral and cognitive functions; second, the awareness, which includes the traditional counselors self-awareness of her own cultural values, beliefs and biases and how that cultural background affects the interpersonal dynamics between herself and the client; third, the knowledge, which includes familiarity with the major assumptions in traditional systems of knowledge, cultural backgrounds of the clients, and available social networks and referral systems; and fourth, the skills that include the application of traditional interventions and strategies which foster instantaneous resolution or amelioration of the presenting concerns. /Parent 1 0 R << Traditional counseling is beset by cultural nuances: it takes place in the local environment, it is offered by the local people, it reflects a mirror of the society in which it is offered, and it has always been part of the human experience since ancient times. Ideally, the technology becomes transparent, so it simply serves as a tool for communication, without requiring attention in and of itself. /Type /Pages /Resources 102 0 R In contrast, every child has a mission to accomplish; a life goal that permeates through all the main stages of development, from childhood to adulthood. Or perhaps she can see you soon, but not as soon as you want. /op false The concept of culture has serious implications for traditional counseling theory and practice. Theres a reason why most therapists use online therapy to supplement their income rather than relying on it as the only source. Talkspace Self-Guided app, Find a therapist /Resources 35 0 R /Type /Page Depending on severity and complexity of the problem situation or social issue at hand, it may be referred to the village headman/woman, prior to referral to either the village committee or the zone committee. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. There are two categories of values: terminal values refer to desirable end-states, or goals, such as wisdom, comfort, peace, and freedom; whereas instrumental values refer to the means by which the end-states are to be achieved, for instance through ambition, honesty, and competence [1]. Research & insights %PDF-1.3 Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. In more rural communities of Africa, the rituals may include tying of strings and wearing a talisman, especially prepared with herbal concoctions, around the childs arm, neck, waist or leg. Clients are willing to pay much more for in-office therapy than online therapy. 2. >> If youre serious about being a great online therapist, you can take courses, train with online therapy networks and earn credentials such as the Distance Credentialed Counselor [DCC]. Online therapy An overarching theme in most of these advantages is communication, expressing emotions, changing dysfunctional paternal and dealing with major life changes. /Contents 107 0 R /Type /Page Pubertal initiation rituals are very important and significant to African cultures and societies. In the African context, initiation rituals are performed at the premarital stage and during the wedding ceremony. 27 0 obj /Resources 119 0 R Religion is another important institution in the cultural life of not only the African people, but also others in almost all the continents worldwide. >> Building these skills might provide new career opportunities such as management positions in telehealth companies. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] 36 0 obj endobj /Type /Page /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Lasting from Talkspace /Rotate 0 They are derived from socialization and culture, environmental influences, and education, among many other factors. For administrative purposes, between 15 and 20 villages are demarcated to constitute a zone whose committee is chaired by an elected headman. Situations that sometimes break the family apart, but Family counselling us a feasible option that can help build it back up again. This is intended to protect the child from bewitchment, evil spirits, bad luck, or physical illness. Traditional medicine plays an important role in the provision of primary health care. << Learning New Skills and Building Your Career. Mental health library /Pages 1 0 R Most people, both educated and uneducated, believe in magic and witchcraft at the community level. 6 0 obj In Zambia, with particular reference to the Nkomeshya chiefdom in Chongwe district for instance, the chiefdom comprises almost 150 villages that are supervised by village headmen/women [3]. /Contents 118 0 R It involves the social interpretation of reality and the meaning of human experience, culture and life from a constructivist perspective, and recognizes the importance of cultural identity and its centrality in defining associations and relationships within the individual, and between the individual, his family and environment. WebEven with the emergence of modern Guidance and Counselling, Traditional guidance and Counselling still plays a vital role in society. Each community comprises people of different ethnic backgrounds, languages, religions, customs, and traditions. The ritual of naming a child may take place at the household level, family level, or church level, and through consultation with a traditional healer. /Resources 84 0 R Privacy policy WebTraditional counseling is very effective in the treatment of a variety of conditions including, but not limited to: Anxiety and Depression Trauma Recovery Postpartum Depression The African interpretation of childhood refers to a period spanning about 15 years of a childs life from conception, and integrates early teenage and pubescence. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. This is the penultimate initiation ceremony, at puberty; the onset of adolescence. /Resources 48 0 R By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. As with modern counseling models, traditional counseling can take place in varying settings, and for different purposes and needs. Besides, they are intended to promote indigenous ways of knowing and doing things, as part of the African cultural heritage, expressed through ceremonies and other interpretive messages. /Resources 98 0 R /Resources 106 0 R Communication is a pivot of interaction between the traditional counselor and the client, a means of exchanging information between them; an avenue for social interaction between the family, the community, and the client-counselor context; and a catalyst for interconnectedness, linkages, and interrelationships among the various elements in the traditional counseling process. Talkspace articles are written by experienced mental health-wellness contributors; they are grounded in scientific research and evidence-based practices. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. The African cultural life has been unique since time immemorial. In contemporary society, increasing importance is being placed on how culture, ethnicity, and gender affect communication styles. /Contents 97 0 R Expressive social behavior drives the actions of people through their lifespan, and behavior is one of the primary currencies used by natural selection. Terms of use >> 39 0 obj Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. It is widely accepted that when people migrate, they do not leave behind their cultural norms and values but carry these as inherent elements that constitute part of their cultural identity and social entity. Some clients need body language and vocal tone to effectively communicate with a therapist. /Type /Page The needs of these people are different, and so is their demand for traditional counseling. /Rotate 0 >> /Parent 1 0 R Traditional authority: 1. /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R Cybersecurity is an essential aspect of the digital world, and one of the ways to safeguard sensitive information is through cryptography. Nearly every human society has rituals to mark the passing of a stage in the life of an individual, and all rituals are events with social meaning and symbolic actions. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] From an African perspective, the traditional healer is a psychiatrist, medical doctor, fortune-teller, diviner, social worker, and traditional counselor, all rolled into one. /LastChar 169 /Type /Page stream << It stresses the importance of multiple counseling roles developed by many culturally different human groups and societies. 25 0 obj Psychiatry /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] According to Laungani [24], the fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism are: that all human beings are products of their own culture; that each culture has a uniquely acquired way of construing its own worldview that gives meaning to life and living; that within each culture there exists a plurality of beliefs, values, norms and traditional practices; that each culture has something to offer and learn from another culture which assumes comparative meaning only in relation to other cultures; and that a mixture of cultures is more likely to lead to the enrichment of an individuals intellectual, emotional, spiritual, humanitarian, moral, and altruistic visions.
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