c. laissez-faire a. human rights I would say that with my experience at PhilHealth, I have not come across a more caring, compassionate, and efficient establishment and staff. The source used here is the Gerth and Mills 1946 translation of Webers Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, originally published in German in 1922. Credit for this phrasing belongs to one of our anonymous reviewers. A bureaucracy works when its operations are, at every point, made predictable. formal organization c. Milgram's subjects knew about the nature of the study but agreed to participate anyway The bureaucratic tendency toward rule by the few is termed __________, Examples of include the AFL-CIO (representing the majority of labor unions) and citizens' groups such as the American Conservative Union and Zero Population Growth, The extensive infusion of one nation's culture into other nations is referred to as: The Pendleton Act of 1883, brought about by the assassination of James A. Garfield by someone denied a patronage appointment, mandated that federal positions be filled based on merit and not patronage practices. d. outgroup, Susan and Mary are middle-aged women who have been neighbors for twenty-five years. may be more common than most people would like to believe The ideal type, however, was never meant to be ideal; despite this, it has become a default framework for structuring and studying organizations, as if they should be structured as such. What is the economic structure of society? For example, special attention needs to be paid to comprehensive and accessible information and communication as well as underserved groups who might not have a seat at the table. This effort aims to improve the overall experience of interacting with government and administrative agencies, making it less bureaucratic and more streamlined. But the very same reasons that make it work as a solution to complexity also tend to be the causes behind its classic dysfunctions. Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of __________. Green tape, by virtue of being written and having understood purposes help to empower people and all of these helps increase transparency and accountability. Research handbook human resource management in the public sector, Examining red tape in public and private organizations: Alternative explanations from a social psychological model, Public managers perceptions of organizational goal ambiguity: Analyzing alternative models, Human rights-based approach to applied psychology, The myth of bureaucratic neutrality: Institutionalized inequity in local government hiring, The paradox of rules: Rules as resources and constraints. a. a more rigid hierarchical structure b. a greater emphasis on sharing information c. helping employees focus on work d. a reduction in the amount of informal activity 39. an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done. Knowing how well-oiled the Singaporean public state machine is, I, of course, warn him about expecting to find the same level of public service in a country that is far bigger and less rigidly governed than his own. assimilation a. c. Obedience But his application could not be processed because of a discrepancy between his name in the hospital records and his name as it appears in the members data record. groupthink b. (2019) found that perceptions of more centralization and hierarchy are related to higher perceptions of red tape. We trace two areas of bureaucracy theory that are widely found in public organizationsmerit and neutrality, and rulesthrough the lens of the HRBA. Talcott Parsons Formalization, while neutral, can limit employee empowerment via the reduction of discretion (Borst et al. This law codified merit principles that guide the federal human resources management system. Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001). Here is that letters last paragraph: Amazingclaim submitted, processed, and payment received in one morning. d. cultural imperialism. 2020). reference group secondary and primary groups are always mutually exclusive 24 UDHR), and set general principles for standard of living and overall well-being (Art. A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. The movement to humanize bureaucracy includes making government and administrative processes more user-friendly, accessible, and responsive to the needs of citizens and customers. a. Steps need to be taken to mitigate the potential negative effects of specialization for human rights and equity. Notably, equal treatment is not the same as equitable treatment. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. b. Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that culture helps people meet their needs. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes, The tendency for a bureaucracy to be ruled by the few is termed. d. Charles H. Cooley, A(n) __________ is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. This is achieved by formulating clear rules and criteria, and limiting the scope for personal discretion. We now turn to critically assess the practice and implementation of characteristics of bureaucracynamely those related to merit and neutrality, and rulesfrom a human rights perspective and evaluate their compatibility with the HRBA. For example, automation is both increasing and changing the workforce by rendering some jobs obsolete. b. A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. Philippine Airlines: the worst flag carrier? c. democratic A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. all secondary groups are approximately the same size 0, A(n) __________ is a collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another, share a sense of belonging, and have a feeling of interdependence. Conflict theorists ingroups a. Inconsistent application of rules may also increase rule deviation (Borry et al. Milgram's findings have never been supported by later research the iron law of oligarchy Carol is experiencing: A set of expectations for people who occupy a social position or status: The process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one's background and previous experience. d. Irving Janis, Which of these is not likely to constitute a reference group for a person who strongly believes in the value of human rights and equal opportunity? d. Individual, Cody is a member of the L.A. Crips. 175 d. primary group, __________ leadership provides emotional support for members. c. transition Webers bureaucracy theorywhich was originally published in the early 1920s and translated into English in 1946has made many contributions to public administration literature. Alternatively, women and people of color rely upon the rules to solidify their status and power; they use the rules from the start. b. Keiser, L. R., V. M. Wilkins, K. J. Meier, and C. A. Holland. b. democratic Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes a. more rigid hierarchical structures. Shafritz, J. M., E. W. Russell, and C. Borick. To find out more, please click this link. Notably, it provided a blueprint of characteristics of bureaucratic organizations and how they best function. Several tenets of bureaucracy are operationalized in part or whole by the value of merit and neutrality in practice and in public administration research. d. the informal activities within a bureaucracy, d. the informal activities within a bureaucracy, A group composed of three members is termed a(n) __________. c. people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group Whenever the group meets, there is conflict among several group members, and this is upsetting to the others. social boundaries Explain elasticity of demand in your own words. cultural relativism The social psychological model of red tape informs us that employees who feel alienated from the workplace will report higher levels of red tape (Pandey and Kingsley 2000). Free Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes____________. democratic a. significant others a. The one-year bond matures one year from today, the two-year bond matures two years from today, and so forth. 6 Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organ. c. formal group reference groups When individuals human rights are guaranteed, they can stand up for themselves and for each other, and they are empowered to shape the decisions that impact their lives, including in the workplace. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media To many __________, groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships. For some civil and political rights, the goal is to limit the impact of the government in individual affairs. They become timid and cold, unable to use their judgment to help people. b. d. traditional, A(n) __________ is an alliance created in an attempt to reach a shared objective or goal. Further, we have looked at bureaucracies mostly from a theoretical perspective favoring an American context. d. secondary group, Political parties, ecological activist groups, religious organizations, parent-teacher associations, and college sororities and fraternities are examples of __________ organizations. Social psychologist __________ examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history may be attributed to pressure toward group conformity. Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice, Building bridges over troubled waters: Merit as a guide, Training, empowerment, and creating a culture for change, More than pathological formalization: Understanding organizational structure and red tape, Lipstick and logarithms: Gender, institutional context, and representative bureaucracy, Representative bureaucracy: An interpretation of the British civil service. b. a. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. b. New Age ideologies, the "Go Green" movement, locally grown food movements, and the resurgence of farmers' markets are all examples of what type of fads? c. impersonality The informal structure may enhance productivity or may be counterproductive to the organization. Power elites, A message will be sent to your email address with instructions, Although __________ theorists acknowledge that the government serves a number of important purposes in society, they assert that government exists for the benefit of wealthy or politically powerful elites who use the government to impose their will on the masses, A strength of the _____ perspective on culture is its focus on the needs of society and the fact that stability is essential for society's continued survival, Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes________________________, The people who are paid to influence legislation on behalf of specific clients are referred to as: a. social group 23 UDHR on the right to work, which includes indicators such as access to decent and productive work, just and safe working conditions, training, skill upgrading and professional development, and protection from unemployment. The ultimate test for HRBA is the results it creates in enhancing the enjoyment of political, civil, economic, and social rights for bureaucrats and who they serve. a. this research raises some questions concerning research ethics, In Stanley Milgram's experiments, none of the "teachers" challenged the process before they had applied __________ volts. a. Further, special attention needs to be given to indirect discrimination (e.g., policies and actions that lead to inequality based on gender- or race-based blindness). 17. 2018). rationality When there are bureaucracy, organizations can operate more smoothly and productively. d. the size of the group has little influence on the extent to which individuals respond to group pressure, b. Together, these streams of research show that the bureaucratic principles related to rules are inconsistent with various elements of the HRBA, specifically, and equity broadly. This is one of the primary reasons for the emergence of __________. Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are, 2. d. despite problems, many of the research subjects found the experiment interesting and agreed to participate in future research on the same topic, b. c. Group conformity b. the concentration of power in the hands of organizational leaders. 3. Latisha would be considered the __________ leader of the group. In this case, 100 refers to the Senate's __________ size.. Notably, while bureaucracys characteristics can create an impersonality or disinterestedness that is beneficial for democracy (Du Gay 2000 in Adler 2012), this impersonality can also lead to an iron cage, in which people are destined to live but over which [they], as ordinary citizens, have little control (Maley 2004, 69). Bureaucratic focus on efficiency can be at the expense of equity and human rights. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are examples of a. categories b. aggregates c. social groups d. primary groups, Katy is a member of the literature club in her college, but she neither accepts nor follows the values and norms of the club. Kaufmann, W., E. L. Borry, and L. DeHart-Davis. The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________., Which of these sociologists first suggested that small groups have interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups? a. dispersion. Another stream of literature that focuses on the bureaucrat within organizations is representative bureaucracy. __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues, and when harmony, solidarity, and high morale are needed. archetype Whereas Weber sought to describe characteristics of bureaucracy and, arguably, how to make it most efficient, these others sought to understand people within those organizations. Compliance with red tape can have some negative outcomes on both individual and organizational performance. 112. While most of Webers description focuses on processes, Weber also put forth characteristics related to the employeesor the position of the official: those in these positions enjoy[s] social esteem, are appointed, have a fixed salary and pension, move from lower positions to higher ones, and have life-long tenure. likely to constitute a reference group for a person who strongly believes in the. Which category is NOT included in sociologist Amitai Etzioni's classification of formal organizations? Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). Yet the staff managed to get it done within an hour. d. triad, Total institutions, such as boot camps, prisons, and some mental hospitals, are examples of __________ organizations. These examples illustrate __________ in a bureaucratic organization. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. While we cannot directly attribute these federal employment patterns to failed nondiscrimination policies, these studies show more work to increase nondiscrimination, diversity, and equity is necessary. d. normative, __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. Teacher leader human relations skills: A comparative study, Toward a Weberian public administration: The infinite web of history, values, and authority in administrative mentalities, A human rights-based approach (HRBA) in practice: Evaluating NGO development efforts, Administrative discretion and active representation: An expansion of the theory of representative bureaucracy.
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